The Pattern Behavior

Recent studies done to examine personality factors or patterns of behavior as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease.

1. Type A Type A behavior was first described in a clear and measured by Friedman and Rosenman in 1959. originally it was described as a style of behavior and emotion. Now some authors regard as the hallmark of type A personality trait is certain, while others describe it as a pattern of behavioral activation and constant strong which is usually a self-start. Type A includes behavioral disposition, behavioral and emotional rsepon special. Most of the authors agree with the three main characteristics of type A:

a. Orientation competition achievements, ambitious, self-critical.

b. The urgency of time, fighting against time, impatient, do different jobs at the same time.

c. Hostility, irritability, sometimes aggressive. Especially during the first 20 years and publications and research, it appears that type A has a strong relationship with CHD. Men are at risk of type A

Twice as likely to have CHD. In addition, type A people have to stress coping styles are different and are more likely to use their control over the environment. However since the 1980's research results become more confusing and many researchers did not find a significant association between type A behavior and coronary heart disease at all. Although the magnitude of the difficulties in measuring type A behavior, even the operational definition needs to be strengthened and future epidemiological studies should seek prospectively validate the components of type A against the development of CHD. 

Type A has also been studied in children and adolescents. Research shows that children are more reactive type A stress than children with non-type A. In general, boys more likely to imitate the behavior of type A and their parents than daughters. This suggests that Type A evolved as the interaction between heredity and parenting styles. Furthermore Nay & Wagner knows that children of type A have a lower self-esteem, more external locus of controlnya and higher levels of anxiety than my friends who are not the type A. Coping mechanism for stress and type of cognition may also differ between subject type A and type B.

3. Personality hardiness Hardiness personality type or pattern of behavior that is often talked about these days is the fortitude (or hardy personality hardiness) an idea of ​​the concept of kobasa. Konseptualisasinya of hardiness as a personality type that is important in the fight against stress, obtained from the existential theory of personality. He started with the interpersonal differences in personal control and combine it with other variables, in order to produced a more comprehensive personality type. Hardiness include three basic properties:

a. personal control

b. Commitment; degree of involvement in these events, activities and people.

c. Challenges; trend saw the change as an opportunity to grow and is not a safety threat. 

Hardiness considered to keep a person healthy despite going through some stressful life events. Although Kobasa himself and other experts emphasized the strong research evidence that supports the circumstances and the relevance of hardiness, there are also a lot of criticism. Criticism given the type A personality pul apply to the type of hardiness; operationalization of these components seem difficult, not all of the components assist in predicting health outcomes (eg challenge) and the main issues concerning its role in mediating the behavior of a person's health condition and missed completely.

3. Others optimism and sense of coherence recently been to see the ability to forecast the distinction healing. Both were found to be able to predict improvement in the positive aspects of healing after controlling for pre-surgery levels. Feelings of linkage was found to be more important predictors of the optimism in this context. However both of these personality factors did not predict improvement in suffering or pain, feeling close affinity factor is the concept of integrity. Until now another type of personality that can not be explained by gambling as type A and type fortitude. Explain, found a lot of overlap between these concepts and methods of size less consistent. In addition, there remains a need for prospective studies investigating the interactive qualities of the personality factor, with other personality variables and environment variables. We will give an example that illustrates the complexity of these personality factors. It has been stated that aspects of hardiness include aspects of optimism. In turn, the optimism has been studied from the perspective of attribution, some authors claim that optimism is associated with the attribution of one's style. Attribution-attribution, in turn, is associated with the desire to control the environment. And this is actually one of the fundamental concepts hardiness. So, stepping from one style to the personality of the other personality styles, we live in a vicious circle. Obviously still needs more research to clarify the relationship between personality types with health outcomes.