The Protective Factors and Risk Factors

Risk Factors In health, the concept of risk factors (and risk behavior, risk groups) is a key concept in research, theory and increase prevention and health promotion. First, the use of the concept of risk is reflected biomedical attention to adverse outcomes associated with morbidity and mortality. For example, hypertension and high cholesterol berserum is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Lately epidemiological search for risk factors for disease and illness, particularly for chronic diseases, has evolved into two new areas of social and environmental behavior. Component behavior can be seen in two aspects of the development of the disease. 

First, it affects the behavior of a particular disease risk factors. Risk factors is characteristic group of individuals who designate them as at high risk for certain diseases. For example, a group of people eating food with a high fatty acid typically increases the degree of serum cholesterol, a risk factor for coronary heart disease.

Second, the behavior itself can be a major risk factor for both coronary heart disease and lung cancer because the chances of getting the disease is greater in smokers than nonsmokers. Literature deny that there is consensus on some risky behaviors are striking. Kokeny mention diet, physical activity, smoking and abuse of alcohol and drugs, the risk of human and environmental risks.

Psychosomatic medicine began focusing on approaches and new theories concerning the relationship between the psychological and the social, biological and psychological function, and development of disease problems. This definition clearly reflects the awareness of the importance of the psychological aspects and behavior in health care, as well as the needs of a discipline that integrates research and practice behavior in medical care. Although the paradigm is essentially a medical model, the relevance of this discipline privilege interdisiplinernya no character. Behavioral medicine, which faces health, illness and related disfungsinya, relying on contributions various disciplines such as psychology, sociology, epidemiology, neuroanatomy, immunology, nursing, social workers and many others.

Behavioral medicine topics are disease mechanisms (such as stress or type A role in cardiovascular disease, patient decision-making, compliance, effectiveness of health education, the effectiveness of behavior modification that are less healthy, the effectiveness of direct reduction of illness (asthma, hypertension, headache , etc.) and behavioral pain / illness behavior at the individual and group. however, argue that behavior medicine Gochan face tension, stress or anxiety, and other non-physical deviation is concerned is very important to the overall well-being of the individual, only if it is associated with impaired specific physical.

Important to note is that the behavioral medicine lately not only emphasizes the integration of behavioral science (behaviorism and learning theory are pure, ie bio-feedback) and biomedical science in business - the business of health care. changes the concept of health, evolution in health care and other evolution, resulting in the implementation of the new psychology in health care and society following :

a. First, it tends to be more applied psychology (not just academic) 

b. Second, an important issue of health (and not just mental health), psychological affects sub disciplines, not only clinically but also as an example of organizational psychology (eg, stress and pain within the company). 

c. The third factor is the limited success of psikodiagnostik and individual interventions (curative), dkebutuihan for prevention on a larger scale (community approach). Therefore, more knowledge, research and skills needed to investigate the elements of the basic determinants of behavior